Implants provide support, stability and retention for restorations used in fully and partially EDENTULOUS patients. This clinical report describes prosthetic treatment of a 30-year-old man suffering from a dentoalveolar deficiency due to an old gunshot trauma to the left side of the MANDIBLE. The patient was rehabilitated with implant-supported Toronto prosthesis following surgical placement of three implants with undesirable location and angulations due to lack of sufficient bone. This prosthet-ic option offers advantages of both screw-retained and cement-retained prostheses and provides acceptable aesthetic and functional results.

Background. Complete edentulism still is a common health problem. The diversity of problems caused by complete dentures is not a modern issue. On the contrary, clinical studies investigating the potential impact of implant-supported prostheses on the oral health-related quality of life were able to show clear improvement after implants had been inserted. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to address the following focused question: Is there an impact of implant location (maxilla vs. MANDIBLE), implant number, type of prosthesis (fixed vs. removable) and/or different anchorage systems on the implant loss rate concerning the implant-prosthodontic rehabilitation of EDENTULOUS patients? Methods. A systematic literature search for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective studies was conducted within PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Quality assessment of the included studies was carried out 54 studies were included for qualitative analyses. Implant loss and corresponding 3-and 5-year survival rates were estimated by means of a Poisson regression model with total exposure time as offset. Results. Estimated 5-year survival rates of implants were 97. 9% in the maxilla and 98. 9% in the MANDIBLE. Corresponding implant loss rates per 100 implant years were significantly higher in the maxilla. Implant loss rates for fixed restorations were significantly lower compared to removable restorations. The analysis of one implant and a mandibular overdenture also revealed higher implant loss rates than an overdenture on two implants. The same (lower implant number = higher implant loss rate) applied when comparing 2 vs. 4 implants and a mandibular overdenture. Implant loss rates for maxillary overdentures on Conclusions. Implants with fixed prostheses show slightly but significantly better results than removable prostheses regarding both jaws. Rough-surfaced implants demonstrated favorable results compared to machined implants. The current evaluations show a successful outcome for screw-retained fixed restorations and bar-or ball-retained overdentures in the completely EDENTULOUS jaw.

Introduction: Treatment of EDENTULOUS atrophic MANDIBLE with severe atrophy is a challenge based on local conditions and systemic diseases confronted by the age group affected. If bone grafting is indicated, it is often used in lateral or inferior aspects of the MANDIBLE. Case Report: A 70-year-old male with a unilateral fracture of the atrophied left mandibular body was managed by lingual bone grafting and inferior border miniplate fixation to prevent two common problems after fracture healing; the need for plate removal before denture fabrication and facial asymmetry in the unilateral body fracture. Conclusion: If bone grafting is indicated in the management of displaced EDENTULOUS mandibular fracture with severe atrophy, a combination of plating at the inferior border of the MANDIBLE and lingual corticocancellous bone grafting should be considered in treatment planning.

Statement of the Problem: Insufficient information about the anatomical positions and structure of mandibular canal provokes unwanted damage to this important structure of MANDIBLE.Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the visibility and anatomical variations of mandibular canal in digital panoramic radiographs of dentulous and EDENTULOUS patients in a sample of Iranian population.Materials and Method: In this retrospective-analytical research, 249 digital panoramic radiographs in dentulous group and 126 in EDENTULOUS group were studied by an expert oral and maxillofacial radiologist. In both groups, the visibility of canal borders in anterior, middle, and posterior areas were examined. In dentulous group, the distance between the canal and apex of the first and second molars were measured. Canal-to-alveolar crest distance and lower mandibular border was measured in three different points for both groups. Finally, the upper-lower positions of canals were determined.Results: In both groups, most visibility occurred in 1/3 of posterior and the least visibility was detected in 1.3 of anterior, with the intermediate being the most visible part (Type 2). There was no significant difference between the left and right sides in all cases. In dentulous group, no correlation was found between the visibility, age, and gender (p>0.05); however, canal position was related to gender (p=0.03 and p=0.04 in right and left sides, respectively). High position was more frequent in females and intermediate position was more common in males. In EDENTULOUS group, no correlation was found between age, gender, and canal position (p>0.05).Conclusion: The most visibility of mandibular canal was in its third posterior and the least was in its third anterior part. Although the middle position of canal was more frequently visible than the high position in this study, it does not refute the possibility of damaging the mandibular canal in critical surgeries.

Introduction: The existing bone is regarded as an important criteria in dental implants. In this regard, the radiographic modality is of great significance in quantifying the remaining bone, and CBCT accurately represents height and width of the existing bone. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency distribution of the EDENTULOUS posterior mandibular ridge types using cone beam computed tomography in an Iranian population.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, CBCT scans of 127 patients with full EDENTULOUS MANDIBLE with an average age of 61.15 were evaluated who referred to a radiology clinic in Tehran. The images were analyzed applying OnDemand3D application and bone height and width of each area were determined. To analyze the collected data, SPSS software (ver, 17) was employed applying Fisher's exact test.Results: The ridges were classified in 4 different groups (A, B+,B-w, C-w). The frequency of ridge types A and B+in male and ridge types B-w and C-w in females were demonstrated to be higher. An increase in age led to a reduction in the frequency of type A and a rise in the frequency of type C-w. The mean bone height was higher in males in all areas. In addition, the mean bone width was higher in males in all areas except for the first molar area.Conclusions: The study results indicated that as the age increases, the height of EDENTULOUS MANDIBLE reduces, while no significant relationship was detected between the bone width and aging. As a result, with aging the evolution of bone was held to be from type A to type C-W.